Iama / Yam Island, Torres Strait, 1898

The British Library’s Alfred Cort Haddon 1898 Expedition (Torres Strait and British New Guinea) Cylinder Collection includes 140 wax cylinders recorded on the Torres Strait Islands and in British New Guinea as part of the 1898 Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits. This cylinder collection constitutes the earliest collection of sound recordings in the Library’s Sound Archive.

Haddon, Seligmann and Ray visited Iama / Yam Island on Saturday 22 October 1898 to pick up Maino and a policeman called Kaikai before heading to Saibai on the same day (Haddon 1901:xiii, 170). They returned to Iama / Yam Island on Tuesday 25 October (noted in error in Haddon’s journal as 24 October) and left on Thursday 27 October (Haddon 1898-1899:254, 257 – 258).

In his journal, Ray noted that on the afternoon of 26 October, he “obtained some records but singers too low” (1898-1899:90). On the same day, Haddon wrote, “The afternoon was mainly devoted to the phonograph & I took a few groups” (1898-1899:257). This perhaps suggests that Haddon may have recorded some cylinders; cylinder C80/1053 does feature three performers. However, with no other evidence that Haddon made any of the recordings, it is likely that Haddon was assisting Ray that afternoon, possibly bringing groups to be recorded.

In regards to C80/1093, Maino travelled with the group to Nagir [Nahgi / Mount Ernest Island] and Thursday Island. It is not clear whether this recording was actually produced on Iama / Yam Island or whether the title refers to Maino’s role as Mamus of Tudu and Yam.

There is no mention of specific recording locations in Haddon or Ray’s writings.

Research by Rebekah Hayes, British Library, in partnership with Grace Koch, AIATSIS.

Performers and Participants
History of the Torres Strait cylinders
British Library shelfmarkRecording titlePerformer nameRecording locationRecording dateContent descriptionPerformer descriptionRecording notesLanguagesGenreRecordistRecording lengthRecording tripDescription of cylinderCollection titleCylinder locationImages of cylinder containers / documentationRelated print publication: Related print publication: Related print publication: Related print publication: Related print publication: Related print publication:
C80/1053MaiMagina / Mugena (singer); Baidi (singer); Woido (singer)Iama / Yam Island, Torres Strait Islands ?26 October 1898 ?1. Announcement: "Mai, sung [indecipherable]... 2. Unaccompanied male vocal solo.
mai' could refer to ‘pearl shell, nacre of pearl oyster’ and ‘the crescentic chest ornament made of pearl shell’ (Ray 1907:109, 151).
Inscription on insert notes: 'Mai / sung by Magina, Baidi, / Woido / Yama'.
There are two women named Mugena on Yam. The performer could also be Magina, a woman from Mabuiag and married to Peter, another contributor (V 1904:143, 227). However, the cylinder note mentions Yam.		Poor quality recording with weak signal and heavy surface noise. The recording date is based on the date range provided for all recordings that were made on Iama, even if the recording location is unconfirmed. Ray noted on 26 October that he 'obtained some records but singers too low' on his visit to Yam (1898:90).Possibly Kulkalgaw Ya, a variety of Kala Lagaw Ya, spoken on Iama / Yam Island.Field recordingsRay, Sidney H.2'26"1898 Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres StraitsBrown wax cylinder. Metal cylinder case.Alfred Cort Haddon 1898 Expedition (Torres Strait and British New Guinea) Cylinder CollectionBritish Library
Ray, S.H. 1898-99. Journal: Torres Straits Expedition 1898-99. [manuscript] Copies of journals and correspondence of Sidney Herbert Ray. MS 380314. London: SOAS Library.Haddon, A.C. (ed.) 1907. Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Strait: Volume III, The Languages of Torres Strait. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. British Library shelfmark General Reference Collection YC.2011.b.631.Haddon, A.C. (ed.) 1904. Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Strait: Volume V, Sociology, Magic and Religion of the Western Islanders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. British Library shelfmark General Reference Collection YC.2011.b.633.
C80/1081Korara kwiku puidaikGizu (singer, male); Maino (singer, male, Mamoose of Tudu / Warrior Islet and Iama / Yam Island)Torres Strait Islands3 October 1898 – 22 October 18981. Announcement: "Korara kwiku puidaik, sung by Gizu." 2. Unaccompanied male vocal solo. 3. "Karara kwiku puidaik, sung by Maino." 4. Unaccompanied male vocal solo [probably retake of 2.].
This recording corresponds to Charles S. Myers' Mabuiag Song IX. Possibly a crocodile mask dance belonging to the Kodal augad or crocodile clan. A version of the 'kulai kuiku kab' or ‘crocodile dance’ is in Laade (1977:4). Ray noted that 'kora' [Tudu dialect] corresponds to 'kodal' ‘crocodile’. 'kuik(u), kwik' translates to ‘head’. 'Nau-puidai' translates 'to sing' (Ray 1907:38). The term 'mariget' translates to 'ghost hand', a 'decreed individual' who 'takes on the role of primary organiser and planner' following a death in the community e.g. announcements, funeral planning. (Fitzpatrick (2000) 1.6 Tombstone ceremonies: Identity and political integration, pg. 37).
Two individuals with the name Mariget (also known as Sandy or Waime) are noted in the Mabuiag genealogies (Rivers Vol V Tables 2A and 3A 1904:125). Men would exchange names with each other (and sometimes their wives and children too). Mariget is also mentioned in Vol IV (1912:xiv;221).
Inscription on insert notes: 'Korara kwiku puidaik / by Gizu Mariget. / 65 T.S.'
There does not seem to be evidence that Gizu and Maino were in the same location with Ray during the 1898 Cambridge Expedition. Gizu was recorded on Mabuiag. The two tracks may have been recorded on separate occasions.		Reasonable quality recording with strong signal but also some speed fluctuation. As no specific recording location has been identified, the recording date range is based on when any members of the Cambridge Expedition were present in the Torres Strait in 1898. Ray notes that he recorded two songs ('Good records') by Gizu on 7 October 1898 (Ray 1898:89). These may be C80/1072 and 1081, or possibly C80/1067.Kala Lagaw Ya (Possibly Kulkalgaw Ya, a variety of Kala Lagaw Ya, spoken on Iama / Yam Island. Maino, one of the performers, was the Mamoose of Tudu / Warrior Islet and Iama / Yam Island.)Field recordingsRay, Sidney H.2'20"1898 Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres StraitsBrown wax cylinder. Metal cylinder case.Alfred Cort Haddon 1898 Expedition (Torres Strait and British New Guinea) Cylinder CollectionBritish Library
Ray, S.H. 1898-99. Journal: Torres Straits Expedition 1898-99. [manuscript] Copies of journals and correspondence of Sidney Herbert Ray. MS 380314. London: SOAS Library.Haddon, A.C. (ed.) 1907. Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Strait: Volume III, The Languages of Torres Strait. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. British Library shelfmark General Reference Collection YC.2011.b.631.Laade, Wolfgang. 1977. Traditional Songs of the Western Torres Straits, South Pacific. Folkways Records Album No. FE 4025 [sleeve notes] New York: Folkways Records. British Library Sound Archive shelfmark 1LP0083172. See http://www.si.edu/folkways
C80/1092Song from Yam IslandBodu / Bogu (singer, male)Iama / Yam Island, Torres Strait Islands26 October 1898 ?1. "[indecipherable], sung by Bodu/Bogu [?], Yam." 2. Unaccompanied male vocal solo. This recording corresponds to Charles S. Myers' Yam Song I. Reasonable quality recording but with weak signal and surface noise. Haddon, Seligman and Ray visited Iama / Yam Island on 22 October 1898 to pick up Maino and a policeman called Kaikai before heading to Saibai on the same day (Haddon 1901:xiii, 170). They returned to Iama on 25 October and left on 27 October (Haddon 1898:254, 257 – 258). Ray noted that he 'obtained some records but singers too low' on 26 October during his visit to Iama (1898:90)Kala Lagaw Ya (Possibly Kulkalgaw Ya, a variety of Kala Lagaw Ya, spoken on Iama / Yam Island.)Field recordingsRay, Sidney H.2'15"1898 Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres StraitsBrown wax cylinder. Cardboard cylinder case.Alfred Cort Haddon 1898 Expedition (Torres Strait and British New Guinea) Cylinder CollectionBritish Library
Ray, S.H. 1898-99. Journal: Torres Straits Expedition 1898-99. [manuscript] Copies of journals and correspondence of Sidney Herbert Ray. MS 380314. London: SOAS Library.Haddon, A.C. 1898-89. Journal. [manuscript] MS.HADDON. Cambridge: Cambridge University Library.Haddon, A.C. 1901. Head-Hunters. Black, White and Brown. London: Metheun & Co. General Reference Collection 010055.e.28.Haddon, A.C. (ed.) 1912. Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Strait: Volume IV, Arts and Crafts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. British Library shelfmark General Reference Collection YC.2011.b.634.
C80/1093Yam IIMaino (singer, male, Mamoose of Tudu / Warrior Islet and Iama / Yam Island)Iama / Yam Island, Torres Strait Islands ?22 October 1898, 25 October 1898, or 27 October 18981. Announcement: "Yamaz sibared, sung by Maino of Yam." 2. Unaccompanied male vocal solo. No further information available. Inscription on insert: ‘Yamaz sibared / sung by Maino / of Yama’. This recording corresponds to Charles S. Myers' Yam Song II. Notation, words and translation published in Myers (1912:263, 269). Discussion of Yam songs in Myers (1912:264). Yamazi barid is translated as 'along Yam Id. Cuscus'.Good quality recording with strong signal but some surface noise. Haddon, Seligman and Ray visited Iama / Yam Island on 22 October 1898 to pick up Maino and a policeman called Kaikai before heading to Saibai on the same day (Haddon 1901:xiii, 170). They returned to Iama on 25 October and left on 27 October (Haddon 1898:254, 257 – 258). Ray noted that he 'obtained some records but singers too low' on 26 October during his visit to Iama (1898:90)Kala Lagaw Ya (Possibly Kulkalgaw Ya, a variety of Kala Lagaw Ya, spoken on Iama / Yam Island.)Field recordingsRay, Sidney H.1'43"1898 Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres StraitsBrown wax cylinder. Cardboard cylinder case.Alfred Cort Haddon 1898 Expedition (Torres Strait and British New Guinea) Cylinder CollectionBritish Library
Ray, S.H. 1898-99. Journal: Torres Straits Expedition 1898-99. [manuscript] Copies of journals and correspondence of Sidney Herbert Ray. MS 380314. London: SOAS Library.Haddon, A.C. 1898-89. Journal. [manuscript] MS.HADDON. Cambridge: Cambridge University Library.Haddon, A.C. 1901. Head-Hunters. Black, White and Brown. London: Metheun & Co. General Reference Collection 010055.e.28.
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